8. Summary
Summarize your project and your ongoing activities: (Max 200 words)

It is not a project. It is a passion to educate to provide adequate knowledge to Indonesians to build their own ICT infrastructure in the last 12+ years. Various media is used, including regular articles in printed media, numerous TV & radio talk-shows, seminar / workshop roadshows, and books which Onno W. Purbo personally published around 40 titles. We freely copied our library that includes all our works, ISO Linux etc in USB hard-drive (30.000+ files / 35+ Gbytes) to local communities. Many of our materials can be freely download from the Internet, such as, http://onno.vlsm.org, http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/, http://www.bogor.net/idkf/, http://www.bogor.net/igts and many other Web sites as many are mirroring the materials.

Having acquired the knowledge at almost free; convince that IT is not that difficult; gain trust / believe /that IT may be able to change their live. Many people put / invest their own money to build their own IT infrastructure.

It creates a mass movement within Indonesian societies to create their own ICT infrastructure. Including the deployment of 150+ Internet Service Providers, 2000+ Internet Kiosks (Cybercafes), 4000+ schools to the Internet, 100+ Neighborhood Networks, 15000+ outdoor WiFi infrastructures to bypass Telco infrastructures.

You may also want to do Google search with keyword “Onno Purbo” to see the activities.

No World Bank loan, no IMF loan and not much help from the Indonesian government in the processes. It is mostly community self-finance from the knowledge they gain.

9. Vision - objectives - goals
What does the project want to accomplish, including milestones and time frames
(Max 200 words)

It is not a project. It is a long term (12+ years) self-finance movement.

Vision:
To see knowledge based society in Indonesia.

Objectives & Goals:
Wired all 220 million Indonesians to the Internet.
Wired all 220.000 schools which means connecting all 38 million students to the Internet.

Being a common / regular Indonesian, with no power, no fund, having only knowledge in the brain, the whole process must be done with minimal support from the government, no loan from World Bank & IMF. It is almost a dream that may not be reached in our lifetime.

Basic Strategies:
	Self-finance & bottom-up community based.
	Provide Knowledge to the communities.
Encourage young students / Indonesians to write articles / books in Indonesian. This is one of the most important strategies. They can be reached at penulis-ti@yahoogroups.com with more than 200 active members.

Some of the major milestones:
Deployment of Internet Kiosk / Cybercafe - 1995 none, 1996 only few, and 2005 more than 2500 kiosks. Their mailing list is asosiasi-warnet@yahoogroups.com. The cybercafe association leads by Judith M.S. and Michael Sunggiardi.

Deployment of Neighborhood Network - 1995 None, 1996 only one in Malang city, and 2005 lots of them, may be in the range of thousands as the technology is fairly simple Internet Connection Sharing and connect the LAN cables to your neigbours to share the Internet cost.

Schools - 1993 none, 1994 2-5, 2005 4000+ still low as compared to the total 220.000+ schools. Many of the school connection activities is supported by DR. Gatot HP from Ministry of Education, Vocational School Director. Their mailing list is dikmenjur@yahoogroups.com.

Outdoor Wireless Internet at 2.4GHz & 5.8GHz to bypass Telco, 1995 none, 1996 around 20, 2004 4.000 nodes, 2005 15.000+ nodes with 2000+ new monthly installation. The communities gathered at indowli@yahoogroups.com. As of 5 January 2005, the government unlicensing 2.4GHz due to our large pressure. It is recorded at IDRC Website http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-89751-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html entitled “Onno the Liberator”.

10. Applications
How is ICT used in a innovative way in the project? What user processes are supported by ICT in the project? (Max 200 words)

Some of the Innovative ways in using ICT

•	Bypass the expensive Telco last miles using commodity / cheap modified Indoor WiFi equipment to be used in outdoor environment to cover 2-15 km ranges at broadband 2-11Mbps speed.

•	Get the bandwidth directly from many International satellite access providers as fiber & local dedicated Internet access is fairly expensive if there is any. Some locals are now acting the reseller of the International providers. The technology is a spin-off from Onno’s involvement in AI3 with Wide Project in Japann when Onno Purbo is a lecturer at Institute Technology in Bandung in 1996.

•	Build community-owned Point of Presence (PoP) for 2.4GHz wireless in the cities to share the International bandwidth to the surrounding schools, offices, cybercafes and neighborhood. About 1/3 of the Indonesian PoP is operated without licensed from the government as creating the PoP is technologically fairly easy.

•	The simplest form of Point of Presence is the abundant (and not-legal) Neighborhood Network. It is basically connecting your neighbor through LAN UTP cables via a simple Internet Connection Sharing device. We mostly use LAN cable as it is much cheaper than WiFi investment. WiFi is used for outdoor to bypass Telco.

•	Having deploy these community based infrastructure, we are looking at dedicated monthly Internet cost at US$15-30 / house or about US$0.1-0.5 / student / month. It is now affordable to most Indonesians.

Some of the user processes supported by ICT:

•	Mailing list & chatting is the priority application within all Indonesian communities. We mostly rely on Yahoogroups.com to build our mailing list around in 2001, there are more than 50.000 Indonesian mailing list in yahoogroups.com. Today, the number is uncountable in various topics you can imagine. Sharing tacit knowledge is an important issue in building the knowledge based society, mailing list is the simplest tool to do the task.

•	We attempted to build our own mailing list server in 2003 at groups.or.id, it crashed in 2005 with around 10.000 mailing lists served. We are in process to re-build the mailing list server supported by Intel & many vendors. It is currently in burn in test processes.

•	Internet Telephone (VoIP) is of interest to many people, company & schools as they want to minimize their call cost. We have build free VoIP Merdeka based on H.323 using distributed community based gatekeepers. In 2006, we are going to upgrade the free VoIP Infrastructure to SIP-based, with lots of free Asterisk softswitch & SIP based gateways, and run our own free ENUM (E.164) servers. As it is, it surprises people at ministry of communication & information as the community build own Indonesian Next Generation Network but not the operator.

Organisations (list below)

APJII, Indonesian ISP Assoc http://www.apjii.or.id
as well as about 120 ISPs active ISP in Indonesia
ITB, Institute of Technology Bandung http://www.itb.ac.id

AWARI, Indonesian Cybercafe Association http://www.awari.or.id
INDOWLI, Indonesian Wireless Internet http://www.indowli.or.id
POSTEL, Directorate General Post & Telecommunication, http://www.postel.go.id
Ministry of Communication & Information, http://www.depkominfo.go.id

13. Project organisation and ownership
How is the project organised and who are the prime owners of the project?

It is not a project. It is a long term self-finance movement.

The prime owner of the movement:

•	The Indonesian people that includes the owner of the cybercafes, the owner of school networks, the owner of ISPs. They own their very own infrastructure.
•	Our contribution is merely to provide knowledge & share it for Indonesians.

A glimpse on how the movement organized:

•	The basic idea is fairly simple - as the Indonesians convinced, they invest & build their infrastructure guided through various mailing lists of which we are very active to answers / interact with the community on the ground.
•	Books and articles is key in the process, we collaborate with editors and publishers to publish our books / articles. In return, we get some small fee for a living.
•	Physical contact / interactions are found to be an important factor to convince people. Thus, Michael Sunggiardi organize many roadshows / seminars / workshops in many different cities in various ICT topics. It cost only about US$3/person to attend such seminars as many vendors such as ECS Taiwan, HP, Intel, Compex, MSI, Planet Taiwan are willing to provide sponsorship & funding for the seminar / workshop roadshow activities. In the process, we get some fee for a living.
•	Getting equipment may be a major barrier. In our case, it is common to get some free sample equipments to try for our activities. Some vendors that help us with their equipments are HP, ECS Taiwan, Planet Taiwan, Level1 Germany, Compex Singapore. Not to mention the many open source software available on the Internet. All provide us the ability to tune / modify the technology to find the low cost solution for the Indonesian.

18. Impact
What is the project's impact on the target groups and what indicators are used to measure the impact?

The impact & indicator used to measure the impact of the self-finance movement has been described in the milestone. Basically the main measurement is the number of mass, number of entities, such as, Internet cafes, schools, Internet Service Providers, neighborhood networks that are connected / providing service to the Internet.

The brief summary of the impact is as follows:

Internet Kiosk / Cyber café:
1995	none
2005	2500+

Neighborhood Networks
	1995	none
1996	1
2005	lots, in thousands ranges.

Schools on the Internet
1993	none
1994	2-5
2005	4000+

Outdoor Wireless Internet on 2.4GHz & 5.8GHz
1995	none
1996	20
2004	4000+
2005	15.000+ node (about 2000+ additional monthly).

Internet Service Provider (ISP)
1994	2
1999	50
2005	200+

Indonesian mailing lists
1990	1 indonesians@janus.berkeley.edu
1995	200
2002	50.000
2005	uncountable
	
Indonesian Internet users
1993	few
1997	512.000
2002	8 million
2006	15+ million

19. Transferability
Can the project methods be applied elsewhere? How? Where?

The basic philosophy of a movement - it must be able to transfer / to replicate in self-finance & autonomous. If at all possible, it must be able to move forward without relying on external funding. Thus, transferability is embedded within our philosophy from day one.

The method of replication is fairly simple. Getting people’s trust & convinced through education & awareness process is the key.

Being an ordinary people & not funded by anyone, to reduce the education / awareness process, it can be done through printed media, books, seminars, and workshops that cost only US$1-3 per person to buy / to attend. Thus, it is very much affordable to most Indonesians, and thus, the whole education / awareness process can be self-finance. It is all supported by heavy & free mailing list discussions that are done in the last 12+ years.

One of the most important processes in the transfer of knowledge is the empowerment of young ICT writer mostly young university students to write their knowledge & experiences in books / articles in Indonesians. The US$500-1000 royalty of the books is quite an incentive of the student who normally lived for US$30 / month and US$150 for tuition free per semester. Onno Purbo is normally acting as co-author for these young writers for their first few books. As they become known, normally they will write on their own & sometimes becoming a co-author for others. As a result, today, there are lots of ICT books in Indonesians needed to transfer the knowledge to other Indonesians.

Within Indonesia the movement is replicated in many cities in Indonesia. There are at least 33 cities known to have such community based infrastructure. 

Internationally, replication of the idea is very much supported by International Development Research Center (IDRC) in Canada. In 2004, IDRC supported the workshops to share the knowledge gain in Indonesia to South Africa, Chennai India, Dakka Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos and surrounding countries including participation in the World Summit on Information Society 2003 in Geneva and 2005 in Tunis. IDRC Canada is also supporting the knowledge sharing through the Web http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/. Open Society Institute (OSI) enables us to share our knowledge in a workshop for wireless communities in Denmark 2004.

20. Future
Describe the expected development/scope of the project in the future. (Max 200 words)

The movement of the Indonesian people to reach a knowledge based society will not be completed within our lifetime. It is a lifetime committment.

Focus on upcoming years will be given to connect all 220.000+ schools to the Internet and hopefully to see 38+ million student & next Indonesian generation to be computer & internet literate. It is not an easy process to convince the school to get connected not to mention other technical difficulties, such as, electricity in schools, security in schools, computer investment, teacher’s training / computer literacy. However, the impact will be astounding as we will as a mass of educated Indonesians as the size of Malaysia & Australia.

Another key / strategic move would be to liberate various burden / entry barrier that may hinder the development of ICT in the country, namely, the licensing of 5.8GHz, licensing of WiMAX, licensing of VoIP. It will be done through mass education of the people and hopefully, create sufficiently large demand within the communities and pressure to the government to liberate the frequencies and technology. We have successfully performed such strategy in liberating 2.4GHz band.

21. Media Contacts
Please list relevant newspapers, radio, local TV, industry and professional magazines. Contact details for journalists you think will publish stories about you

KOMPAS Indonesia, Contact: Rene Pattirajawane, rene@kompas.com / rlp@kompas.com
Jakarta Post (English newspaper), Contact: Zatni Arbi, zatni@cbn.net.id
BISNIS Indonesia, Contact: Setyardi Widodo, setyardi.widodo@bisnis.co.id
BISNIS KOMPUTER, Contact: Soegiharto Santoso, hoky@cbn.net.id /
 biskom@verbatim-indonesia.com
DETIK.COM, Contact: redaksi@detikinet.com, wicak@staff.detik.com
MetroTV e-lifestyle program: Contact: Djandjan, djandjan@djandjan.com.

Many Indonesian ICT journalists from many Indonesian ICT media can be found at technomedia@yahoogroups.com. The group is moderated by Ms. Merry Magdalena merry_magdalena@yahoo.com. They will be more than happy to publish any International news / stories that impact the Indonesian ICT communities.

22. References

Please give the names and contact coordinates of three (3) persons who can verify your project.

Richard Fuchs, IDRC Canada (rfuchs@idrc.ca)
Shahid Akhtar, UNDP APDIP (shahid@apdip.net)
Johar Alam, IDC / IIX Indonesia (johar@idc.co.id)
Gatot HP, Ministry of Education (gatothp@ict.dikmenjur.net, gatothp@yahoo.com)
Roem Lintang Suharto, Deputy to Ministry of Information & Communication (lins@indo.net.id)
Yanuar Rizky, Freelance Economics Writer (rizky@elrizky.net)
Mulia Dewi Karnadi, Deputy of HP Country Manager (mulia-dewi.karnadi@hp.com)
Budi Wahyu Jati, Intel Indonesia Country Manager (budi.wahyu.jati@intel.com)